feature - Perl pragma to enable new features

    use feature qw(switch say);
    given ($foo) {
	when (1)	  { say "\$foo == 1" }
	when ([2,3])	  { say "\$foo == 2 || \$foo == 3" }
	when (/^a[bc]d$/) { say "\$foo eq 'abd' || \$foo eq 'acd'" }
	when ($_ > 100)   { say "\$foo > 100" }
	default		  { say "None of the above" }
    }

    use feature ':5.10'; # loads all features available in perl 5.10

It is usually impossible to add new syntax to Perl without breaking some existing programs. This pragma provides a way to minimize that risk. New syntactic constructs, or new semantic meanings to older constructs, can be enabled by use feature 'foo', and will be parsed only when the appropriate feature pragma is in scope.

Like other pragmas (use strict, for example), features have a lexical effect. use feature qw(foo) will only make the feature "foo" available from that point to the end of the enclosing block.

    {
        use feature 'say';
        say "say is available here";
    }
    print "But not here.\n";

Features can also be turned off by using no feature "foo". This too has lexical effect.

    use feature 'say';
    say "say is available here";
    {
        no feature 'say';
        print "But not here.\n";
    }
    say "Yet it is here.";

no feature with no features specified will turn off all features.

use feature 'switch' tells the compiler to enable the Perl 6 given/when construct.

See "Switch statements" in perlsyn for details.

use feature 'say' tells the compiler to enable the Perl 6 say function.

See say in perlfunc for details.

use feature 'state' tells the compiler to enable state variables.

See "Persistent Private Variables" in perlsub for details.

use feature 'unicode_strings' tells the compiler to treat all strings outside of use locale and use bytes as Unicode. It is available starting with Perl 5.11.3.

See The "Unicode Bug" in perlunicode for details.

It's possible to load a whole slew of features in one go, using a feature bundle. The name of a feature bundle is prefixed with a colon, to distinguish it from an actual feature. At present, the only feature bundle is use feature ":5.10" which is equivalent to use feature qw(switch say state).

Specifying sub-versions such as the 0 in 5.10.0 in feature bundles has no effect: feature bundles are guaranteed to be the same for all sub-versions.

There are two ways to load the feature pragma implicitly :

• By using the -E switch on the command-line instead of -e. It enables all available features in the main compilation unit (that is, the one-liner.)
• By requiring explicitly a minimal Perl version number for your program, with the use VERSION construct, and when the version is higher than or equal to 5.10.0. That is,
  
  

      use 5.10.0;
  
  

  
  
  will do an implicit
  
  

      use feature ':5.10';
  
  

  
  
  and so on. Note how the trailing sub-version is automatically stripped from the version.
  
  But to avoid portability warnings (see use in perlfunc), you may prefer:
  
  

      use 5.010;
  
  

  
  
  with the same effect.